A real-world study of the effects of endocrine therapy on liver function in breast cancer / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To compare the effect of different endocrine therapy drugs on liver function in patients with early breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to include 4 318 patients with early breast cancer who received adjuvant endocrine therapy in Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2021. All the patients were female, aged (51.2±11.3) years (range: 20 to 87 years), including 1 182 patients in the anastrozole group, 592 patients in the letrozole group, 332 patients in the exemestane group, and 2 212 patients in the toremifene group. The mixed effect model was used to analyze and compare the liver function levels of patients at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60 months of medication, and 1 year after drug withdrawal among the three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane) and toremifene. Results: ALT and AST of the 4 groups were significantly higher than the baseline level at 6 months (all P<0.01), and there were no significant differences in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and AST levels among all groups one year after drug withdrawal (P: 0.538, 0.718, 0.061, respectively). There was no significant difference in the effect of all groups on AST levels (F=2.474, P=0.061), and in the effect of three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) on ALT levels (anastrozole vs. letrozole, P=0.182; anastrozole vs. exemestane, P=0.535; letrozole vs. exemestane, P=0.862). Anastrozole and letrozole had significantly higher effects on ALT levels than toremifene (P<0.01, P=0.009). The proportion of abnormal liver function in each group increased significantly at 6 months compared with baseline, and then the proportion showed a decreasing trend over time. Conclusions: Three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) and toremifene can significantly increase the level of ALT and AST in patients with breast cancer, and the levels can gradually recover to the baseline after 1 year of drug withdrawal. The effect of non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole) on ALT levels is greater than toremifene.

Pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy(MTM)using optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS: A total of 193 patients(210 eyes)with MTM were retrospectively included, of which 74 eyes(35.2%)underwent vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling. The patients were categorized into three groups: foveal detachment(FD), foveoschisis(FS)and lamellar macular hole(LMH). Based on the central foveal thickness(CFT)at baseline(M0), eyes with FD were classified into two subgroups: extensive FD and limited FD. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), CFT, posterior staphyloma height(PSH), the presence of epiretinal membrane(ERM)and ILM detachment. Risk factors for BCVA at 6mo after vitrectomy(M6)were analyzed using linear regression.RESULTS: At M0, ERM was highly present in eyes with LMH(rs=0.28, P&#x003C;0.001). Eyes with FD and FS were characterized by higher incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P&#x003C;0.001). After vitrectomy, CFT and BCVA significantly improved in all eyes(P&#x003C;0.001). Eyes with extensive FD were characterized by a thicker CFT(rs=0.56, P&#x003C;0.001), a lower incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P=0.034)and a thicker nasal PSH(rs=0.27, P=0.024)than eyes with limited FD. Eyes with extensive FD were associated with a worse BCVA at M0(P=0.013)and M6(P=0.030)than eyes with limited FD. Extensive FD(β=-0.295, P=0.042)and BCVA at M0(β=0.669, P&#x003C;0.001)were risk factors for a worse BCVA at M6.CONCLUSION: There are several pathogenetic mechanisms in MTM. ILM detachment may exert a dominant role in the development of FD and FS, while ERM may have a role in LMH. Vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling improved functional and anatomical outcomes in MTM patients. Eyes with extensive FD may carry a poor prognosis.

Association of aggression and social support among adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between aggression and social support and their gender differences among Chinese adolescence, and to provide a scientific reference for preventing and reducing aggressive behaviors of adolescents.@*Methods@#Conducted a cross sectional survey of 15 623 adolescents in 5 provinces in China, namely, HeiLongjiang, Hubei, Anhui, Guangdong and Yunnan Province. And the Chinese version of the Adolescent Social Support Scale was employed to assess the aggression and social support, life events, psychological characteristics, family condition and demographic characteristics among adolescents.@*Results@#The prevalence of self reported high level of aggression was 23.5%(3 670/15 623). Males reported higher rate of high level aggression than females (24.4% vs 22.5%, χ 2=19.30, P <0.01). Significant association between aggression and social support was identified in univariate analysis ( χ 2=620.68, P <0.01). After controlling for potential confounders, aggression was also significantly negatively associated with social support ( OR =1.27-1.84), and there was dose response relationship between them( P < 0.05 ). Furthermore, the association between aggression and social support was similar among male participants and female participants ( ROR =1.02-1.10, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#The findings indicate that aggression is associated with social support both in male and female adolescents. Improving the social support for adolescents can reduce their aggressive behaviors.

Lipidomics analysis on schisandrol B-induced liver enlargement in mice / 药学学报

Schisandrol B (SolB) is one of the active constituents from a traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis or Schisandra sphenanthera. Our previous studies found that SolB exerts hepatoprotective effects against drug-induced liver injury and promotes liver regeneration. We further found that SolB significantly induces liver enlargement but the mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of lipidome in liver tissues during SolB-induced hepatomegaly. The animal experiment protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Sun Yat-sen University. Serum and liver samples of male C57BL/6 mice were collected after intraperitoneal injection of SolB (100 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 5 days. Lipidomics analysis was performed using Q Exactive UHPLC-MS/MS system. The results showed that SolB significantly promoted liver enlargement in mice without liver injury and inflammation. Lipid accumulation was observed in the liver tissues after SolB treatment. Thirty-five lipids were identified with significant change and triglycerides (TG) were found to have the most significant increase in SolB-treated group, indicating the increase of energy production during SolB-induced hepatomegaly. This study reveals the impact of SolB on lipid metabolism and provides a potential explanation for liver enlargement induced by SolB.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis of Brain and Blood Absorption Components of Buyang Huanwu Tang After Intragastric Administration / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze and identify the brain and blood absorption components of rats after intragastric administration of Buyang Huanwu Tang(BYHWT). Method:The brain tissue,plasma of normal rats and the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.The prototype components in BYHWT were identified according to retention time,accurate relative molecular weight,primary and secondary mass spectrometry data. Result:After the administration of BYHWT,five compounds were found to enter the normal brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier and identified as calycosin-7-glucoside,albiflorin,formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-acetyl,safflower yellow A and astragaloside A;two compounds penetrated the blood-brain barrier and entered modeling brain tissue,and they were identified as calycosin-7-glucoside and formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-acetyl;seven compounds entered normal plasma and were identified as calycosin-7-glucoside,albiflorin,hydroxysafflor yellow A,et al;three compounds entered model plasma and identified as calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-acetyl,6″-O-acetyl-(6αR,11αR)-9,10-dimetho-xypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside and formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-acetyl. Conclusion:BYHWT has different pharmacological material basis in normal and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats.

Tissue Culture and Exercising Seedlings in Scrophularia ningpoensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Stems,petioles,stem sections with axillary and leaves of Scrophularia ningpoensis were taken as the material in vitro to screen out the suitable plantlet regeneration system and optimal exercising seedling conditions. Method:Different explants,hormones and concentrations on the induction and proliferation of cluster bud were studied by L16(45) orthogonal test. One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was made on the induction of adventitious buds rooted with different concentrations of hormones. At the same time,different substrates,watering cycles and transition modes were selected to optimize key technologies of exercising seedlings of S. ningpoensis. Result:Stem sections with axillary was the best explant,which was followed by stems,leaves and petioles. The suitable media for the induction of adventitious buds was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1,with the induction rate of 100.0% and the proliferation multiple of 9.84.The suitable media for root induction was 1/2 MS+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1,with the rooting rate of 100.0% and the number of roots of 39.45.For matrix,they were transplanted with nutrient soil,vermiculite and perlite (5:2:1) as the media,to keep proper matching of fertility,permeability and water retention. The container seedlings can grow well,and the survival rate was more than 95% when they were watered every 2 days,the acclimatization of plantlets took 20 days indoor and 10 days in shaded greenhouses. Conclusion:The clonal propagation system of S. ningpoensis was established to provide an effective way for the efficient,rapid and steady plantlet regeneration,the breeding of high-quality seedlings and the suitable exercising seedling conditions of S. ningpoensis.

Effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on cardiac development of the newborn / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the effects of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on neonatal cardiac development.Method From January to December in 2016,full-term neonates of GDM mothers admitted to the neonatal department of our hospital were retrospectively included as the GDM group,and full-term neonates with non-GDM mothers during the same period as the control group.Their birth weight,length,placenta weight,birth weight/placenta weight ratio,echocardiographic cardiac measurements within the first week,and the incidence of congenital heart disease were compared between the two groups.Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyse the possible factors causing neonatal ventricular septal hypertrophy in GDM group.Result A total of 104 cases in the GDM group and 107 cases in the control group were included.Significant differences existed in birth weight,length and placental weight between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences in gender,gestational age and birth weight/placental weight ratio between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The width of the aorta and main pulmonary artery,the size of the left atrium,the left ventricle and the right ventricle,and the thickness of the ventricular septum in the GDM group were greater than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The ventricular septal thickness of the GDM group was greater than the control group [≥3500g:(3.6±0.5) mmvs.(3.3±0.3) mm,＜3500g:(3.5±1.0) mmvs.(3.1 ± 0.4) mm],the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of congenital heart disease was 4.8％ (5/104) in the GDM group and 0％ in the control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the interventricular septal thickness of the GDM group was positively correlated with the levels of HbA1c,HbA1 c,insulin of their mothers during pregnancy and birth weight of the newborn (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion GDM mother may pose adverse effects on neonatal myocardial development.Further research is needed on its mechanism and how to monitor the incidence.

A study on the relationship between meconium-stained amniotic fluid, chorioamnionitis and the infections of the mother and the infant / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the influences of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and chorioamnionitis (CA) on maternal and infant infection.Method From July to December 2014,full-term single birth newborns with MSAF born in our hospital were assigned into the MSAF group.According to the pathological characteristics of the placenta,they were further assigned into CA group and non-CA group.The healthy single birth full-term infants without MSAF were assigned into the control group.The influences of MSAF and CA on maternal and infant infection were analyzed.Result A total of 178 MASF cases were enrolled,including 57 cases with CA and 121 cases without CA.42 infants were in the control group.The incidence of CA with MSAF (32.0％,57/178) was significantly higher than the control group (4.8％,2/42) (P＜0.05).The white blood cell counts on the first day of the CA group and non-CA group were (29.4±8.9)x 109/Land (22.8±4.8)x 109/L,respectively.36.8％ of the CA group had increased CRP within 3 days after birth,while 15.7％ in the non-CA group.The incidence of neonatal infection were 49.1％(28/57) in the CA group,and 20.7％(25/121) in the non-CA group.The incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome was 28.1％(16/57)in the CA group,and 8.3％(10/121) in the nou-CA group.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The proportion of neutrophils of the mother was (80.3±7.3)％ in the CA group,and (76.4±7.6)％ in the non-CA group.22.8％(13/57) of the mothers in the CA group had fever before and after delivery,and 9.9％(12/121) in the non-CA group.The incidence of uterine infection was 8.8％(5/57) in the CA group and 0％(0/121) in the non-CA group.The postpartum hemorrhage rate was 24.6％(14/57) in the CA group,and 3.3％(4/121) in the non-CA group.The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of CA in MSAF neonates is higher,resulting increased incidences of neonatal infection,maternal fever,and uterine infection.

Effect of low dose heparin on coagulation index and therapeutic outcomes in premature infants with sepsis / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of low dose heparin on blood coagulation and therapeutic outcomes in premature infants with sepsis.Methods Clinical data of 69 septic preterm newborns weighting less than 1 500 g treated in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,29 infants received heparin therapy (6 U/kg,q 8 h,for 3 d,then q12 h,heparin group)and 40 infants did not receive heparin therapy (control group),the coagulation index and therapeutic outcomes were compared between two groups.Results The coagulation indexes PT,TT,APTT and D dimer in heparin group were all significantly lower than those in control group [(15.5±3.5) s vs.(19.0±3.9) s,(15.4±3.5) s vs.(18.8±3.5) s,(47.5±8.6) s vs.(58.4±18.1) s,(1.7±0.8) mg/L vs.(2.6±1.9) mg/L;t=-3.815,4.275,-3.004,-2.459,P＜0.05].The overall clinical effective rate in heparin group was significantly higher than that in control group (86.2％ vs.60.0％,x2 =4.408,P＜0.05).Conclusion Low dose heparin can significantly improve the blood coagulation function and improve the therapeutic effect of premature infants with sepsis.

Phenolic constituents from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne / 中国中药杂志

The phenolic constituents of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne were investigated by various column chromatographic methods including silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS and preparative HPLC,and their chemical structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses. Thirteen phenolic compounds were isolated and elucidated,including five flavonoids: luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),chrysoeriol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),chrysoeriol(5); and eight lignans:(-)-secoisolariciresinol(6),acanthosessilin A(7),(-)-nortrachelogenin(8),(+)-isolariciresinol(9),sesamin(10),syringaresinol(11),(+)-epipinoresinol(12),and [3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-6,6'-dimethoxy-3,3'-bi-2 H-benzopyran]-4,4'-diol(13). Compounds 1, 3, 5-8, 10, 11 and 13 were obtained from the plants of W. chamaedaphne for the first time,and compounds 1,5,7,10 and 13 were obtained from the Wikstroemia genus for the first time.

Exploration on the configuration of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore the configuration of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment in comprehensive hospital so as to meet the normal operation of various large medical equipment of hospital.Methods: Facing to the characteristics, that the requirements of large medical equipment on air conditioner and ventilating system were higher than that of common equipment and the configuration requirements of different large medical equipment on air conditioner and ventilating system were different, the allocation according to the demands was adopted.Results:Depended on the equipment parameter and requirement of actual operation of linear acceleration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and the machine room of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the items of new medical technique building of hospital to design the configuration plan of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment so as to ensure their normal operation. Conclusion: In the planning programming and construction management of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment, the different characteristics of them should be considered so as to establish better basis for installation, debugging and operation of equipment in later period. At the same time, these can provide better medical environment for patients and medical staff.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies induces INS-1 islet β-cell apoptosis by upregulation of autophagy / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To explore whether the angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies(AT1-AA)induces islet β-cell apoptosis and whether autophagy is involved in the process.METHODS:The INS-1 cells treated with AT1-AA at 10-6mol/L for 24 h,and then the apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry,Western blot and Hoechst 33258 staining.In addition,the expression of autophagy-related proteins such as LC3 and beclin 1 were determined by Western blot.The effects of AT1-AA on the apoptosis,autophagy and viability of INS-1 cells with or without 3-methyladenine(3-MA;a com-mon autophagy inhibitor)or telmisartan(an angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor blocker)pretreatment, were detected by flow cytometry,Western blot and CCK-8 assay.RESULTS: Treatment with AT1-AA at 10 -6mol/L for 24 h significantly re-duced the cell viability(P<0.05).Compared with the negative IgG control group,the apoptotic cells increased after incu-bation with AT1-AA for 12 h,24 h and 36 h,respectively(P<0.05).Moreover,the protein levels of LC3 and beclin 1 also increased gradually with the prolongation of treatment time,and the elevation of apoptosis and autophagy were blocked by telmisartan.After pretreatment with 3-MA, the apoptotic rate of the cells was obviously decreased compared with the cells treated with AT1-AA alone.CONCLUSION: AT1-AA induces the apoptosis of INS-1 islet βcells by upregulating autophagy via the angiotensin Ⅱtype 1 receptor pathway.

RNA-binding Protein UNR Promotes Glioma Cell Migration and Regulates the Expression of Ribosomal Protein L9 / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the role of RNA binding protein─upstream-of-N-Ras (UNR) in the development of glioma and its molecular mechanism.Methods First, bioinformatics analysis of CGGA database was performed to detect UNR expression level and prognosis of patients with glioma. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect UNR expression level in glioma cell lines and tissues. Next, UNR siRNAs were transfected in glioma cells, and MTS assay and scratch wound-healing assay were used to detect changes in cell proliferation and migration. Then, the candidate UNR target mRNAs were identified by analyzing the sequencing data of UNR iCLIP-seq, RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling databases of human melanoma. RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin pull-down assays were used to identify the UNR target mRNAs in glioma cells. Finally, western blot was used to detect the effect of UNR knockdown on ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9) and RPL9 protein expression level in glioma cell lines. RPL9 siRNA was transfected in A172 and T98G and the expression of vimentin in the cells was detected with western blot.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that UNR mRNA expression level was significantly higher in high-grade glioma [Grade 2 (n=126), Grade 3 (n=51), Grade 4 (n=128), P<0.001]. UNR high expression levels were associated with poor prognosis (P=0.0177). UNR had high expression level in glioma cell lines and patient samples compared with normal cell lines and normal brain samples (P<0.01). Knockdown of UNR inhibited glioma cells migration (P<0.05), but did not inhibit glioma cells growth in three glioma cell lines. UNR binded the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of PTEN and RPL9 mRNAs. RPL9 protein was significantly highly expressed in most glioma cell lines (n=9) and knockdown of UNR resulted in a downregulation of RPL9 protein expression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker─vimentin was positively regulated by RPL9.Conclusions UNR could bind to the 3'UTR of PTEN and RPL9 in glioma cell lines, therefore promoting glioma cell migration and regulating the expression of RPL9. Here, we establish a link between UNR and RPL9 protein, which will provide new ideas for the further study of glioma.

Angiotensin II promotes the expression of TXNIP through angiotensin II type 1 receptor in islet β cells / 生理学报

This study investigated the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on apoptosis and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression in INS-1 islet cells and the underlying mechanism. INS-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with different concentration of Ang II for different time, and the viability was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). After treatment with 1 × 10 mol/L Ang II for 24 h, flow cytometry and Western blot were used to measure the cell apoptosis, and Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of TXNIP, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Real-time PCR was used to detect TXNIP and ChREBP mRNA expression. IF/ICC was used to observe the TXNIP, ChREBP and AT1R expression. The results showed that Ang II reduced cell viability and induced the expression of TXNIP in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05, n = 6) compared with the control group. Ang II induced apoptosis and up-regulated the expression of ChREBP and AT1R (P < 0.05, n = 6). AT1R inhibitor, telmisartan (TM), blocked Ang II-induced TXNIP and ChREBP overexpression (P < 0.05, n = 6) and inhibited Ang II-induced apoptosis. Taken together, Ang II increased ChREBP activation through AT1R, which subsequently increased TXNIP expression and promoted cell apoptosis. These findings suggest a therapeutic potential of targeting TXNIP in preventing Ang II-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis in diabetes.

Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of thioredoxin interaction protein inhibits INS-1 islet β cell proliferation / 生理学报

Diabetes can cause a significant increase in the expression of thioredoxin (Trx)-interacting protein (TXNIP), which binds to Trx and inhibits its activity. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of TXNIP on proliferation of rat INS-1 islet β cells and the underlying mechanism. TXNIP overexpressing adenovirus vectors (Ad-TXNIP-GFP and Ad-TXNIPc247s-GFP) were constructed and used to infect INS-1 cells. Ad-TXNIPc247s-GFP vector carries a mutant C247S TXNIP gene, and its expression product (TXNIPc247s) cannot attach and inhibit Trx activity. The expression of TXNIP was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. EdU and Ki67 methods were used to detect cell proliferation. Protein phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT were detected by Western blot. The results showed that both TXNIP and TXNIPc247s protein overexpressions inhibited the proliferation of INS-1 cells, and the former's inhibitory effect was greater. Moreover, both of the two kinds of overexpressions inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. These results suggest that TXNIP overexpression may inhibit the proliferation of INS-1 cells through Trx-dependent and non-Trx-dependent pathways, and the mechanism involves the inhibition of ERK and AKT phosphorylation.

Role of autophagy in TXNIP overexpression-induced apoptosis of INS-1 islet cells / 生理学报

Thioredoxin (Trx) interacting protein (TXNIP) is a Trx-binding protein that inhibits the antioxidative function of Trx and is highly expressed in the serum and tissue samples from diabetes patients. This study was to explore whether TXNIP overexpression could cause INS-1 cell autophagy under normal glucose and lipid concentrations, and to analyze the role of autophagy in the apoptosis of INS-1 cells. The INS-1 cells cultured under normal conditions were divided into three groups: normal control, empty adenovirus vector (Ad-eGFP) and TXNIP overexpression (Ad-TXNIP-eGFP) groups. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the expression levels of TXNIP mRNA and protein were measured. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and P62, as well as LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, which are associated with autophagy. IF/ICC was used to measure the autophagosome. In addition, the cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio, the apoptosis marker, was also measured, and the apoptotic rates were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that the TXNIP mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in Ad-TXNIP-eGFP group, suggesting that TXNIP overexpression model was successfully established. In Ad-TXNIP-eGFP group, the protein levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were increased, while the protein expression of P62 was decreased, compared with those in Ad-eGFP group. Red fluorescent intensity, representing autophagy level, was higher in Ad-TXNIP-eGFP group than that in Ad-eGFP group. These results suggested that TXNIP overexpression can significantly promote INS-1 cell autophagy. Meanwhile, cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 ratio and the number of apoptotic cells were significantly increased in Ad-TXNIP-eGFP group. The inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA, reduced TXNIP overexpression-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that autophagy appears to be an important pathway in TXNIP overexpression-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells.

Preparation and evaluation of dioscin nanostructured lipid carriers / 中国中药杂志

In this report, a heat and high-pressure homogenization method was used to prepare dioscin nanostructured lipid carriers, and the formulation of dioscin nanostructured lipid carriers was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology. In vitro evaluation data showed that the preparation of dioscin nanostructured lipid carriers under optimal process by central composite design-response surface methodology had a spherical shape and homogeneous size distribution, with a particle size of (90.9±0.6) nm, a polydispersity index of (0.253±0.07), Zeta potential of (-45.7±0.5) mV, encapsulation efficiency of (90.2±0.5)%, and the drug loading of (23.30±0.10)%. These results clearly indicate that the preparation of dioscin nanostructured lipid carriers made with the heat and high-pressure homogenization method have very good physical and chemical properties, suitable for therapeutic applications.

Effects of Indomethacin on Proliferation and Senescence of Leukemia Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of indomethacin on proliferation and senescence of leukemia cells and to analyze whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have any adjunctively therapeutic effects on leukemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three kinds of leukemia cell lines (U266, K562 and U937) were treated with either indomethacin (final concentration 30 µmol/L) or solvent DMSO (control) for 7 days. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue, cell apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry, mRNA expression of hyperplastic suppression gene P21 and P27 was determined by RT-PCR, and cell senescence rate was assayed at day 0, 4, 7 after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment with indomethacin, the cell viability in U266 and U937 groups decreased significantly, while it was not changed in K562 group. Cell cycle in U266 and U937 groups was blocked at G(2)/M phase, but the blooking effect was not found in K562 cells. The cell apoptotic rate was enhanced in 3 treated groups (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of P21 and P27 was significantly increased after indomethacin treatment in U266 and K562 cell lines except for the P27 mRNA expression of U937. The expression levels of P21 and P27 mRNA in U266 and K562 increased obviously. The cell senescence rate in K562 and U937 group also increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The indomethacin possesses inhibitory effects on leukemia cells. However, its mechanisms are varied from different types of leukemia cells. It suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can play a role in adjuvant therapy for leukemia, while its application would be adjusted according to different types of leukemia.</p>

Surgical treatment of complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the methods and effects of posterior fixation and fusion in treatment of complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation.Methods The study enrolled 8 cases of complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation treated by posterior fixation and fusion with pedicle screwrod system between January 2006 and December 2012.There were 7 males and 1 female,at mean age of 31.9 years (range,19-49 years).Mean time interval between injury and surgery was 8.1 days (range,4-12 days).Fracture-dislocation classification was AO type C,Denis three-column injury,and Meyerding grade V.According to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA),there 5 cases at grades A,1 at grade B,1 at grade C 1 at grade E.Fracture-dislocation segments included T5-T6 in 1 case,T12-L1 in 3,L1-L2 in 2,L3-L4 in 1 and L4-L5 in 1.Results Mean duration of surgery was 220.6 minutes (range,135-335 minutes) and mean intraoperative blood loss was 1 150 ml (range,500-2 400 ml).Seven cases sustained dural laceration during the operation,which were sutured or covered with autologous fat grafts,but 3 of them were subjected to cerebrospinal fluid leakage and healed after conservative therapy.Anatomic reduction was achieved in 6 cases,partial reduction in 1 and non-reduction in 1.Mean Cobb angle improved from 29.3 ° (range,8 °-51 °) preoperatively to 1.9 ° (range,-5°-10 °) postoperatively.After a mean follow-up of 39.3 months (range,2-76 months),2 cases were recovered from preoperative ASIA grade A and B to C respectively and 6 cases (4 A,1 C,1 E) revealed no significant improvement.There was no implant loosening or breakage.One case was died of lung-related complications at postoperative 4 years.One case sustained lumbar deep infection at postoperative 3 weeks and managed by debridement,irrigation,drainage and implant retention.Conclusion Posterior fixation and fusion is the general treatment principle for complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation,but the degree of reduction depends on severity of the injured spinal cord.

Treatment of hematomas in operation area after anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylosis / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the treatment and prevention strategies of hematomas in operation area after anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylosis.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 12 with hematoma compression in operation area out of 785 patients managed by anterior cervical surgery from January 2007 to July 2013,including 10 males and 2 females at age ranging from 40-71 years (mean 56.8 years).Surgery method was anterior cervical corpectomy and interbody fusion using titanium mesh cage plus plate and intraoperative blood loss was 300-1 200 ml.Primary clinical manifestations were neurological dysfunction in 5 patients,dyspnea in 6,and both neurological dysfunction and dyspnea in 1.There were 10 patients with the presence of symptoms at postoperative 0.5-22 hours,1 at postoperative 73 hours,and 1 at postoperative 74 hours.All the 12 patients underwent a second anterior cervical exploration.Results There were 5 patients with epidural hematoma,6 with subcutaneous hematoma,and 1 with both hematomas.After surgical interventions,the patients presented improvement in respiratory and neurological function,with inapparent respiratory abnormality and improved neurological function at discharge.One patient was died of cardiovascular-associated disease after being discharged from hospital.The left 11 patients were followed up for mean 19.8 months (range,6-43 months),with improved Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score at final follow-up.Conclusions Hematoma took place frequently in the early period,especially within 24 hours in operation area after anterior approach to cervical disorders and close attention should be paid to respiratory and limb sensation and motion functions.Early detection and early surgical interventions are the key countermeasures to avoiding the severe results.